Engineering Glossary Terms

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Category English Term Thai Term Description Usage Example Actions
Structural Beam คาน A horizontal structural element that resists loads primarily by bending The concrete beam supports the floor slab above
Structural Column เสา A vertical structural element that transmits loads to the foundation Steel columns are spaced at 6-meter intervals
Structural Foundation ฐานราก The lowest load-bearing part of a building that transfers loads to the soil The foundation was designed to support the 10-story building
Structural Reinforcement เหล็กเสริม Steel bars or mesh embedded in concrete to increase tensile strength The beam requires 6 bars of 20mm reinforcement
Structural Slab พื้นคอนกรีต A flat horizontal structural element providing floors and roofs The slab thickness is 150mm with wire mesh reinforcement
Structural Shear Wall กำแพงรับแรงเฉือน A structural wall designed to resist lateral forces from wind or earthquakes Shear walls provide stability against earthquake forces
Structural Truss โครงถัก A framework of members forming triangular units to support loads The roof truss spans 15 meters without intermediate support
Structural Footing ฐานรากตื้น A shallow foundation element that spreads loads over soil The column footing is 2.5 x 2.5 meters in plan
Structural Pile เสาเข็ม A deep foundation element driven or cast into the ground Bored piles extend 25 meters to reach the bearing stratum
Structural Grade Beam คานคอดิน A reinforced concrete beam at ground level connecting footings Grade beams tie the foundation system together
Structural Cantilever คานยื่น A beam fixed at one end and free at the other The balcony cantilevers 1.5 meters from the building
Structural Moment Frame โครงสร้างรับโมเมนต์ A structural system where beams and columns resist lateral loads through bending The moment frame provides earthquake resistance
Structural Bracing ชิ้นส่วนค้ำยัน Diagonal members that provide lateral stability to a structure Cross bracing was installed between columns
Structural Prestressed Concrete คอนกรีตอัดแรง Concrete with internal stresses to improve load-bearing capacity Prestressed beams can span greater distances
Structural Post-tensioning การอัดแรงหลังการหล่อ A method of prestressing where tendons are tensioned after concrete hardens Post-tensioning reduces slab thickness requirements
Structural Load-bearing Wall กำแพงรับน้ำหนัก A wall that carries vertical loads in addition to its own weight Load-bearing walls support the floor above
Structural Dead Load น้ำหนักบรรทุกคงที่ The weight of permanent structural and non-structural components Dead load includes the weight of walls and floors
Structural Live Load น้ำหนักบรรทุกจร Temporary or movable loads on a structure Live load for office buildings is typically 300 kg/m²
Structural Wind Load แรงลม Lateral force exerted by wind on a structure Wind load calculations consider building height and exposure
Structural Seismic Load แรงแผ่นดินไหว Forces on a structure resulting from earthquake ground motion Seismic load design follows local building codes
Structural Deflection การโก่งตัว Displacement of a structural element under load Maximum beam deflection is limited to span/360
Structural Buckling การโก่งเดาะ Sudden sideways deflection of a slender compression member The column must be checked for buckling
Structural Stress ความเค้น Internal force per unit area within a material The allowable stress for steel is 140 MPa
Structural Strain ความเครียด Deformation of a material under stress Strain gauges measure concrete deformation
Structural Modulus of Elasticity โมดูลัสยืดหยุ่น The ratio of stress to strain in elastic deformation Concrete modulus of elasticity is approximately 25000 MPa
Structural Factor of Safety สัมประสิทธิ์ความปลอดภัย The ratio of ultimate strength to allowable stress A factor of safety of 2.0 is applied
Structural Anchorage การยึดเหนี่ยว The securing of reinforcement or structural elements Proper anchorage prevents pullout failure
Structural Splice การต่อ A connection joining two reinforcement bars Lap splice length is 40 times the bar diameter
Structural Stirrup เหล็กปลอก Transverse reinforcement in beams to resist shear Stirrups are spaced at 150mm centers
Structural Rebar เหล็กข้ออ้อย Reinforcing bar used in concrete construction Rebar sizes range from 6mm to 32mm diameter
Structural Lintel คานทับช่องเปิด A horizontal support above door or window openings The lintel spans 1.2 meters above the window
Geotechnical Soil Bearing Capacity กำลังรับน้ำหนักของดิน The capacity of soil to support loads applied to the ground The soil bearing capacity was determined through field testing
Geotechnical Soil Investigation การสำรวจดิน The process of determining soil properties for foundation design Soil investigation was conducted at 5-meter intervals
Geotechnical Standard Penetration Test มาตรฐานการทดสอบการเจาะทะลุ A field test to determine soil strength and consistency SPT N-values ranged from 15 to 30
Geotechnical Consolidation การอัดตัว The gradual reduction of soil volume under sustained load Consolidation settlement will occur over 2 years
Geotechnical Compaction การบดอัด The densification of soil by mechanical means Soil compaction achieved 95% of maximum density
Geotechnical Settlement การทรุดตัว Downward movement of a structure due to soil compression Total settlement is estimated at 25mm
Geotechnical Groundwater Table ระดับน้ำใต้ดิน The upper surface of underground water The groundwater table is at 3 meters depth
Geotechnical Permeability ความสามารถในการซึมผ่านของดิน The ability of soil to transmit water Clay has low permeability compared to sand
Geotechnical Shear Strength กำลังรับแรงเฉือนของดิน The resistance of soil to shearing forces Shear strength parameters were determined from triaxial tests
Geotechnical Cohesion แรงยึดเหนี่ยวของดิน The internal molecular attraction in soil Clay exhibits cohesion while sand does not
Geotechnical Angle of Internal Friction มุมเสียดทานภายใน The angle representing shear resistance in granular soil The friction angle of dense sand is 35 degrees
Geotechnical Plastic Limit ขีดจำกัดพลาสติก The water content at which soil transitions from plastic to semisolid state The plastic limit of clay is 18%
Geotechnical Liquid Limit ขีดจำกัดเหลว The water content at which soil flows like liquid The liquid limit was determined using Casagrande apparatus
Geotechnical Plasticity Index ดัชนีความอ่อนตัว The range of water content where soil exhibits plastic properties High plasticity index indicates expansive clay
Geotechnical Atterberg Limits ขีดจำกัดอัตเตอร์เบอร์ก Water contents at boundaries between soil consistency states Atterberg limits classify soil behavior
Geotechnical Proctor Test การทดสอบพรอกเตอร์ A laboratory test to determine maximum dry density of soil Modified Proctor test gives higher density than standard
Geotechnical California Bearing Ratio อัตราส่วนกำลังรับแรงแคลิฟอร์เนีย A penetration test for evaluating subgrade strength CBR value of 8% requires thicker pavement
Geotechnical Retaining Wall กำแพงกันดิน A structure designed to resist lateral earth pressure The retaining wall is 4 meters high with drainage
Geotechnical Earth Pressure แรงดันดินด้านข้าง Lateral pressure exerted by soil against retaining structures Active earth pressure is considered in design
Geotechnical Slope Stability เสถียรภาพของลาดดิน The resistance of an inclined soil surface to failure Slope stability analysis shows factor of safety of 1.5
Geotechnical Landslide แผ่นดินถลํ่า The downward movement of soil mass on a slope Heavy rainfall triggered the landslide
Geotechnical Dewatering การสูบระบายน้ำ Removal of groundwater from construction sites Dewatering is required for basement excavation
Geotechnical Excavation การขุดดิน The removal of soil to create foundations or basements Excavation depth is 5 meters below ground level
Geotechnical Backfill การถมกลับ Soil placed back into an excavation Backfill must be compacted in layers
Geotechnical Cut and Fill ดินตัดและดินถม Earthwork involving excavation and placement of soil Cut and fill volumes must be balanced
Geotechnical Soil Classification การจำแนกประเภทดิน Systematic categorization of soils based on properties Soil classification uses the Unified Soil Classification System
Geotechnical Borehole หลุมเจาะสำรวจ A drilled hole for soil sampling and testing Five boreholes were drilled to 20 meters depth
Geotechnical Soil Sample ตัวอย่างดิน A portion of soil extracted for laboratory testing Undisturbed samples were obtained using thin-wall tubes
Geotechnical Bedrock หินฐาน Solid rock underlying soil or other unconsolidated material Bedrock was encountered at 15 meters depth
Geotechnical Frost Heave การยกตัวจากน้ำแข็ง Upward swelling of soil caused by ice formation Frost heave can damage shallow foundations
Concrete Compressive Strength กำลังอัด The capacity of concrete to withstand loads tending to reduce size The concrete achieved 28-day compressive strength of 240 kg/cm²
Concrete Slump Test การทดสอบสลัมป์ A test to measure the consistency and workability of fresh concrete The slump test showed a value of 120mm
Concrete Water-Cement Ratio อัตราส่วนน้ำต่อปูนซีเมนต์ The ratio of water weight to cement weight in concrete mix Lower water-cement ratio increases strength
Concrete Curing การบ่มคอนกรีต The process of maintaining moisture and temperature for concrete hardening Proper curing is essential for 28 days
Concrete Admixture สารเจือปน A material added to concrete to modify its properties The admixture reduces setting time by 30 percent
Concrete Air Entrainment การดักอากาศ Intentional creation of tiny air bubbles in concrete Air entrainment improves freeze-thaw resistance
Concrete Segregation การแยกชั้นของส่วนผสม Separation of concrete components during placement Excessive vibration causes segregation
Concrete Bleeding การซึมน้ำขึ้นผิว Rising of water to concrete surface after placement Bleeding can be reduced with proper mix design
Concrete Workability ความแรงและความยืดหยุ่น The ease with which concrete can be mixed and placed High workability concrete flows easily
Concrete Setting Time เวลาการก่อตัว The time required for concrete to harden sufficiently Initial setting time is approximately 45 minutes
Concrete Hydration ปฏิกิริยาไฮเดรชั่น The chemical reaction between cement and water Hydration generates heat in mass concrete
Concrete Creep การคืบตัว Long-term deformation of concrete under sustained load Creep increases over time under constant stress
Concrete Shrinkage การหดตัว Volume reduction in concrete as it dries and hardens Shrinkage cracks can be controlled with joints
Concrete Aggregate มวลรวม Sand and gravel or crushed stone used in concrete Well-graded aggregate improves concrete density
Concrete Fine Aggregate มวลรวมละเอียด Sand particles passing 4.75mm sieve Fine aggregate fills voids between coarse particles
Concrete Coarse Aggregate มวลรวมหยาบ Gravel or crushed stone retained on 4.75mm sieve Maximum coarse aggregate size is 25mm
Concrete Portland Cement ปูนซีเมนต์ปอร์ตแลนด์ The most common type of cement for concrete production Type I Portland cement is used for general construction
Concrete Fly Ash เถ้าลอย A pozzolanic material used as partial cement replacement Fly ash improves long-term strength and durability
Concrete Silica Fume ซิลิกาฟูม An ultrafine pozzolan that densifies concrete Silica fume produces high-strength concrete
Concrete Plasticizer สารเพิ่มความเหลว An admixture that increases concrete workability Plasticizer reduces water requirement
Concrete Retarder สารชะลอการแข็งตัว An admixture that delays concrete setting Retarder is useful in hot weather concreting
Concrete Accelerator สารเร่งการแข็งตัว An admixture that speeds up concrete hardening Accelerator enables faster formwork removal
Concrete Superplasticizer สารลดน้ำ A high-range water reducer for flowable concrete Superplasticizer produces self-consolidating concrete
Concrete Ready-Mix Concrete คอนกรีตผสมเสร็จ Concrete manufactured in a batch plant and delivered to site Ready-mix concrete ensures quality control
Concrete Precast Concrete คอนกรีตสำเร็จรูป Concrete elements cast in a factory and transported to site Precast beams reduce construction time
Concrete Lightweight Concrete คอนกรีตมวลเบา Concrete with reduced density using lightweight aggregates Lightweight concrete reduces structural dead load
Concrete High-Strength Concrete คอนกรีตกำลังสูง Concrete with compressive strength exceeding 40 MPa High-strength concrete is used in tall buildings
Concrete Self-Consolidating Concrete คอนกรีตอัดตัวเอง Highly flowable concrete that consolidates without vibration Self-consolidating concrete fills complex formwork
Concrete Fiber-Reinforced Concrete คอนกรีตเสริมเส้นใย Concrete containing dispersed fibers for crack control Steel fibers improve impact resistance
Concrete Formwork แบบหล่อคอนกรีต Temporary molds that give shape to concrete Formwork must support wet concrete loads
Concrete Vibration การสั่นแบบ Mechanical consolidation of fresh concrete Proper vibration eliminates air voids
Concrete Cylinder Test การทดสอบแรงอัดกระบอก Standard test using 150x300mm cylinders to measure strength Three cylinders are tested at 28 days
Management Bill of Quantities ปริมาณงาน A document listing materials and labor with their costs The bill of quantities was prepared for tender submission
Management Work Schedule ตารางงาน A timeline showing sequence and duration of construction activities The work schedule indicates completion in 18 months
Management Critical Path Method วิธีเส้นทางวิกฤต A project scheduling technique identifying critical activities CPM analysis shows 14 critical activities
Management Gantt Chart แผนภูมิแกนต์ A bar chart illustrating project schedule The Gantt chart displays overlapping activities
Management Project Management การจัดการโครงการ Planning and controlling construction project execution Effective project management ensures on-time delivery
Management Site Supervisor ผู้ควบคุมงาน Personnel responsible for daily site operations The site supervisor coordinates subcontractors
Management Quality Control การควบคุมคุณภาพ Procedures ensuring work meets specifications Quality control includes material testing
Management Quality Assurance การประกันคุณภาพ Systematic activities ensuring quality requirements Quality assurance follows ISO 9001 standards
Management Safety Management การจัดการความปลอดภัย Programs protecting workers from hazards Safety management reduces accident rates
Management Cost Estimation การประมาณราคา The process of forecasting project costs Detailed cost estimation precedes bidding
Management Value Engineering วิศวกรรมมูลค่า Systematic method to improve project value Value engineering reduced costs by 15%
Management Contract Administration การบริหารสัญญา Management of contractual obligations and changes Contract administration handles variation orders
Management Progress Payment การจ่ายเงินตามงวดงาน Periodic payments based on work completion Progress payments are made monthly
Management Variation Order คำสั่งเปลี่ยนแปลงงาน An authorized change to contract scope or price The variation order adds waterproofing work
Management As-Built Drawing แบบก่อสร้างจริง Drawings showing actual constructed conditions As-built drawings reflect field modifications
Management Punch List รายการงานแก้ไข A list of incomplete or defective items The punch list contains 23 minor items
Management Commissioning การตรวจรับมอบงาน Testing and verification before project handover Commissioning includes all system tests
Management Defects Liability Period ระยะเวลารับประกันผล Time during which contractor repairs defects The defects liability period is one year
Management Liquidated Damages ค่าปรับผิดสัญญา Predetermined damages for contract breaches Liquidated damages are 0.1% per day of delay
Management Extension of Time การขยายเวลา Authorized extension to contract completion date Extension of time granted due to rain delays
Management Retention Money เงินหักเก็บ Percentage of payment withheld until completion Five percent retention is released after one year
Management Performance Bond หลักประกันสัญญา A guarantee ensuring contract performance The performance bond is 10% of contract value
Management Method Statement แผนการปฏิบัติงาน A detailed work procedure document Method statement describes concrete placement sequence
Management Risk Management การจัดการความเสี่ยง Identification and mitigation of project risks Risk management addresses weather uncertainties
Management Constructability Review การตรวจสอบความสามารถในการก่อสร้าง Evaluation of design for construction efficiency Constructability review improves buildability
Management Procurement การจัดซื้อจัดจ้าง The process of acquiring materials and services Procurement follows competitive bidding
Management Subcontractor ผู้รับจ้างช่วง A specialist contractor hired by main contractor Electrical subcontractor installs power systems
Management Milestone เหตุการณ์สำคัญ A significant point in project timeline Foundation completion is a key milestone
Management Resource Leveling การปรับสมดุลทรัพยากร Optimization of resource allocation over time Resource leveling prevents labor shortages
Management Earned Value Management การจัดการมูลค่าที่ได้รับ A technique measuring project performance Earned value analysis shows project is behind schedule
Management Change Management การจัดการการเปลี่ยนแปลง Formal process for handling project changes Change management requires client approval
Structural Portal Frame โครงสร้างเฟรมพอร์ทัล A structural system with rigid beam-column connections Portal frames are common in industrial buildings
Structural Tie Beam คานคาน A beam connecting two or more columns to prevent spreading Tie beams restrain lateral column movement
Structural Plinth Beam คานคอดินชั้นล่าง A beam at ground floor level tying the foundation Plinth beams reduce differential settlement effects
Structural Diaphragm ไดอะแฟรม A horizontal structural element distributing lateral loads Floor diaphragms transfer wind loads to shear walls
Structural Rigid Joint ข้อต่อแข็ง A connection that transfers both force and moment Rigid joints develop moment resistance
Structural Pinned Joint ข้อต่อหมุน A connection allowing rotation but transferring force Pinned connections simplify structural analysis
Structural Fixed Support จุดรองรับแบบยึดแน่น A support preventing translation and rotation Fixed support develops three reaction components
Structural Roller Support จุดรองรับแบบลูกกลิ้ง A support allowing horizontal movement Roller supports accommodate thermal expansion
Structural Structural Steel เหล็กโครงสร้าง Steel members used for building frameworks Structural steel sections include I-beams and channels
Structural Welded Connection การเชื่อมต่อด้วยการเชื่อม Joining steel members by fusion welding Welded connections provide rigid joints
Structural Bolted Connection การเชื่อมต่อด้วยสลักเกลียว Joining steel members with high-strength bolts Bolted connections allow field assembly
Structural Compression Member ชิ้นส่วนรับแรงอัด A structural element subjected to axial compression Columns are typical compression members
Structural Tension Member ชิ้นส่วนรับแรงดึง A structural element subjected to axial tension Cable stays are efficient tension members
Concrete Concrete Beam คานคอนกรีตเสริมเหล็ก Conecrete beam reinforcement A concrete beam is a structural element used to transfer loads from slabs (floors) to columns or load-bearing walls.
Structural Beam คาน A horizontal structural element that resists loads primarily by bending The concrete beam supports the floor slab above
Structural Column เสา A vertical structural element that transmits loads to the foundation Steel columns are spaced at 6-meter intervals
Geotechnical Soil Bearing Capacity กำลังรับน้ำหนักของดิน The capacity of soil to support loads applied to the ground The soil bearing capacity was determined through field testing
Management Bill of Quantities ปริมาณงาน A document listing materials, parts, and labor with their costs The bill of quantities was prepared for the tender submission
Concrete Compressive Strength กำลังรับแรงอัด The capacity of a material to withstand loads tending to reduce size The concrete achieved 28-day compressive strength of 240 kg/cm²

Total: 143 term(s)